Jared you mention the Ukraine during the period of the Russian Revolution as an example of anarchist theory in practice.

I would say that this is an example of a class difference that shows up as a refusal of the peasantry to agree with the workers majority as represented by the Bolsheviks.

It isnt as if Makhno's forces entered the soviets and fought for their own policies to keep control of their peasant produce. In effect they stayed out of the workers state and created an independent peasants state. Their class interests were independent peasant holdings defended from the return of the landlords on the one hand, and from the forced requisitions of the workers state.

Here is a recent article that puts a Marxist perspective on the differences that arose between the peasants and workers over who should control the economy following the revolution.

www.marxist.com/History/russia_peasants.htm